Positive and Negative Impacts 

Objectives/ Targets

PTT is dedicated to managing the impacts on biodiversity in a way that is consistent and aligned across the entire PTT Group. The following shared goals have been established: 

• Develop and implement a comprehensive Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) in areas identified with high biodiversity risk, ensuring full coverage across all relevant regions. 
• Conduct No-Net-Loss assessments for new projects in high-risk areas, with the goal of achieving 100% completion by 2024 for Oil & Gas companies, and by 2025 for flagship companies. This aligns with the objective of ensuring that business operations do not lead to a net loss of biodiversity.

• Commitment to achieving a Net Positive Impact (NPI) for new projects encompassing both upstream and downstream activities by 2050: 
  
  • Upstream Business: PTTEP, flagship company within the PTT Group, is committed to achieving a net positive impact on marine biodiversity and ecosystem services in its domestic offshore operations by 2025, and across all offshore operations by 2030. 
  • Downstream Business: PTTGC is dedicated to ensuring that both current and future operational sites are managed appropriately to achieve a net positive impact by 2050
    
    

Management Approach

Biodiversity Management Policy of PTT

PTT is committed to evaluating biodiversity loss and ecosystem services across the entire PTT Group, based on a comprehensive impact mitigation approach implemented throughout all stages of project development. This approach consists of the following key principles: 

• Avoidance: PTT proactively assesses and establishes protocols to prevent potential biodiversity impacts from its projects, as outlined in the PTT Group’s QSHE Policy. 
• Impact Reduction: PTT has implemented effective measures to minimize biodiversity and ecosystem service impacts, including reducing the duration and intensity of impacts, and setting clear boundaries for those impacts that cannot be avoided. 
• Creation of New Ecosystems: PTT has initiated reforestation projects, such as planting mangroves in abandoned shrimp ponds in Prachuap Khiri Khan province. This project has successfully created a new mangrove ecosystem, which is now home to the Sirinart Rajini Ecosystem Learning Center, a thriving hub for mangrove conservation and education. 
• Restoration: PTT is committed to ongoing reforestation efforts to restore and maintain ecological systems and the environment. Examples of such projects include the Wang Chan Forest Learning Center and the Sirinart Rajini Ecosystem Learning Center. 
• Land Use Change Mitigation: PTT actively safeguards natural habitats by promoting collaboration within the PTT Group, with business partners, and local communities. This includes participating in large-scale reforestation projects, such as the Million Rai Reforestation Project and the Our Khung Bang Kachao initiative. 

PTT consistently follows these policies and practices, with ongoing monitoring to assess their effectiveness in reducing biodiversity impacts across its operations. This includes reviewing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports throughout project execution and implementing reforestation projects as a compensatory measure. These actions clearly demonstrate PTT’s dedication to achieving the three main objectives of the Global Biodiversity Framework. 

Biodiversity Impact Management 

PTT is committed to protecting, preventing, and minimizing environmental impacts while preserving biodiversity and ecosystems. This commitment is embedded in every stage of decision-making and business operations across the entire value chain, through the following approaches: 

• Integrate biodiversity risk management into PTT’s overarching QSHE Policy.  
• Manage biodiversity in sensitive or adjacent areas in strict accordance with local laws and international standards. This includes established procedures for managing biodiversity and ecosystem services within the PTT Group's operational framework. 
• Demonstrate a commitment to achieving no net loss of biodiversity within manageable limits. 
• Enhance biodiversity beyond its operational sites through various social investment activities and partnerships with external organizations. Initiatives such as the creation of mangrove ecosystem learning centers, the "Forest in the City" project, and the Wang Chan Forest Learning Center exemplify these efforts. 

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Management Approach 

Under its Biodiversity Management Commitment, PTT has established a comprehensive approach to managing biodiversity and ecosystem services, in line with international biodiversity standards such as the International Finance Corporation Performance Standard 6 (IFC6) – Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (2012), and the Business and Biodiversity Offset Program (BBOP). This approach involves the following key steps: 

• Assessment of risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services 
• Evaluation of potential biodiversity loss for new projects in high-risk areas 
• Development of a biodiversity management plan for operational areas with high risks and significant potential impacts on biodiversity 
• Monitoring, measurement, and evaluation 
• Annual review and audit of operations against established biodiversity management guidelines and ecosystem service objectives 

PTT has set a target to achieve No-Net-Loss for new projects in high-risk areas by 2025, in alignment with the findings from the biodiversity risk assessment conducted in 2024. Clear responsibility assignments and action plans have been established to support this goal. The progress towards meeting these targets and executing the action plans will be reported quarterly to the committee, following the governance structure at both the management and PTT Board levels. Additionally, PTT will communicate the outcomes and effectiveness of its operations transparently to stakeholders, while actively listening to their needs and expectations. Opportunities will be provided for relevant stakeholders to participate and offer recommendations, which will be incorporated into regular reviews to continuously enhance management practices. 

Biodiversity Risk Assessment for Development/Construction Projects 

The analysis and assessment of biodiversity risks are conducted in accordance with PTT's established Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Management Guidelines. This comprehensive process is integrated into the project development cycle, beginning with the inclusion of biodiversity considerations in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report. The assessment evaluates potential risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services at all stages of the project, taking into account various factors such as the project's location, land size, proximity to protected areas, and areas outside of protected zones with high biodiversity value. The distance from the project site to areas with significant biodiversity is also considered. Furthermore, data on species listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are incorporated to assess the extinction risks posed by the project's activities. A systematic approach to risk assessment allows PTT to develop targeted mitigation and corrective measures, alongside conservation initiatives, to offset and restore any potential biodiversity loss. These measures are carefully tailored to the specific environmental conditions and characteristics of the project site. Examples include minimizing land clearance, restoring the area to its original forest condition, selecting transportation routes that cause minimal environmental disruption, and coordinating with wildlife experts to safely relocate any wildlife that may be affected by the project. 

Biodiversity Risk Assessment of Operational Areas^{GRI304-1,GRI304-2,GRI304-3,GRI304-4}

Key Performance Results 

Biodiversity Impact and Risk Management in High-Risk Areas^{GRI 101-2}

In developing and reviewing the biodiversity impact and risk management plan for the Khanom Natural Gas Separation Plant, PTT has applied the Mitigation Hierarchy Principle to systematically reduce impacts. The progress of the implementation is outlined as follows:  

Avoidance   

PTT has implemented measures to avoid biodiversity impacts and risks associated with the production processes and activities at the Khanom Gas Separation Plant. These measures include the careful selection of the project site, thoughtful design and land-use planning for the production and port facilities, ensuring they are compatible with the natural characteristics of the area. The Company strives to minimize modifications to the natural environment, opting for technologies that reduce water usage and minimize air pollution.  

Minimization   

PTT has established production plans and implemented measures to minimize environmental and ecosystem impacts, such as reducing production during nighttime to prevent noise disturbance to wildlife. Regular preventive maintenance of equipment is conducted to ensure noise from production processes does not exceed the established thresholds set by regulations. Continuous monitoring of noise levels is performed to safeguard against any potential adverse effects on wildlife. 

Restoration and Rehabilitation 
PTT has taken steps to repair and restore biodiversity impacts in the area, including reforestation efforts around the mountain and the vicinity of the natural gas separation plant, releasing fish and aquatic species, and supporting local authorities in beach and environmental restoration efforts around the plant. Additionally, PTT promotes environmental knowledge and education among local youth to foster long-term, sustainable conservation practices. 

Offset 
To compensate for the biodiversity impacts from the Khanom Natural Gas Separation Plant, PTT has launched tree planting and maintenance initiatives. These include the Wat Kadang Nga reforestation project, certified under the LESS program by the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, the Kuan Thong Community Forest project, covering 5 rai, and three tree planting projects on company-owned land. The details and progress of these projects are summarized as follows: 

Bangkok Forest Learning Center   

• Operational Period: 2015 - Present   
• Total Area: 12 rai   
• Planted Area / Number of Trees: 9 rai planted with 60,197 trees   
• Objectives and Benefits: The center aims to promote knowledge of forestry, forest management, and ecosystem conservation, while raising environmental awareness among urban communities. 

Wang Chan Forest Learning Center, Rayong Province   

• Operational Period: 2015 - Present   
• Total Area: 351.35 rai   
• Planted Area / Number of Trees:   

• Objectives and Benefits: This initiative aims to promote research and education on forest and ecosystem management, creating a comprehensive knowledge base for sustainable forest restoration.   
• The project has also been awarded a certificate of recognition for its role in supporting greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts under the Low Emission Support Scheme (LESS) by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). Through waste reduction and proper management, the project successfully mitigated 4.848 tons of CO2 equivalent emissions. 

• Operational Period: 2009 - Present   
• Total Area: 717.33 rai   
• Planted Area / Number of Trees: 600 trees per rai, totaling 471,600 trees   
• Objectives and Benefits: This center aims to raise awareness and expand knowledge on the sustainable use and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. It strengthens local communities and improves the surrounding environment.   
• The project has earned a certificate of recognition for supporting greenhouse gas reduction activities under the Low Emission Support Scheme (LESS) from the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). It has successfully reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 6.878 tons of CO2 equivalent. 

• Operational Period: 2024   
• Total Area: 38 rai   
• Planted Area: This green space represents various models for urban forest restoration and riverside ecosystem restoration along the Chao Phraya River. The park is divided into nine distinct planting zones: 1. Miyawaki forest planting method, 2. Ecological restoration through supplementary planting, 3. Conservation of dry evergreen forest species, 4. Mangrove forests, including Dong-Chaak and Dong-Lamphu wetlands, 5. Natural barriers for dust and wind filtration, 6. Area of bamboo belt research for wave attenuation, 7. Bang Kachao fruit orchards, 8. Rubber tree species, 9. Income-generating forests.   
• Objectives and Benefits: This park serves as a hub for learning about the ecosystems of the lower Chao Phraya River, while connecting to key learning sites and celebrating the unique identity of the Bang Kachao community. It also functions as a knowledge-development center, spreading awareness on ecosystem management, and promoting the conservation of natural resources and environmental protection. 

Key Initiatives 

Raising Awareness and Behavioral Change (Transformative Action)   

PTT recognizes that the construction and operation of natural gas pipelines can have significant environmental and biodiversity impacts. Among its most recent major projects are the 5th Onshore Natural Gas Pipeline and the Onshore Gas Pipeline from Bangpakong to Phra Nakhon Tai Power Plant Project. Both projects underwent comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), which were reviewed and approved by the National Environmental Board, the EIA Expert Committee, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP), and the relevant permitting authorities. These projects are now complete, and as per PTT's Natural Gas Pipeline Master Plan, no additional pipeline projects are currently planned. Instead, PTT is focusing on securing future gas supply through LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) imports, which are considered sufficient to meet domestic demand. For any new projects, PTT will conduct full EIA studies and biodiversity risk assessments. If significant risks to biodiversity are identified, PTT will implement mitigation strategies in line with the Mitigation Hierarchy approach.  

Beyond the four aforementioned tree planting projects, PTT has been actively involved in reforesting degraded lands across Thailand since 1994. As part of the Permanent Forest Planting Project in Commemoration of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great’s 50th Anniversary of His Accession to the Throne, PTT has successfully restored over 1 million rai of forest. Moving forward, PTT aims to plant an additional 1 million rai of forest, including mangrove forests, with its affiliate group by 2030. This initiative is aligned with the C3 Decarbonization Approaches strategy to increase natural carbon absorption, enhance ecosystem restoration, and improve biodiversity. PTT has placed great emphasis on community and local engagement around its plantation areas to establish a collaborative network for forest conservation. This approach is designed to raise awareness, foster a sense of ownership, and instill a deep appreciation for the forest. As part of this initiative, PTT has actively involved local residents from nearby areas as contractors for planting and maintaining the forest in its reforestation projects. These contractors include both individuals and community enterprises. The goal is to generate employment and distribute income within the community, utilizing a participatory approach. The process includes educating the community on the formation of community enterprise groups, providing guidance on group management, and implementing various development activities, such as producing organic compost, creating sustainable forests, establishing mushroom banks, constructing firebreaks in wetland forests, and enhancing knowledge on effective enterprise management in compliance with relevant laws and regulations. By 2024, PTT had successfully established 37 community enterprise groups to serve as contractors for planting and maintaining forests. Moving forward, these groups will become a robust network in the region, ensuring the long-term sustainability and preservation of the forest.  

Furthermore, PTT places significant emphasis on building collaborative environmental networks to promote the conservation of soil, water, forests, and other related natural resources. This is accomplished through the efforts of various PTT divisions, including initiatives such as the Green Globe Award, the network for promoting the use of vetiver grass, and a range of corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects. Each of these initiatives is designed and adapted to suit the unique context and needs of the respective areas. 

Biodiversity Data Collection and Survey 

PTT has initiated a comprehensive Biodiversity Survey Project to assess species diversity and abundance of flora and fauna around its operational sites. The objective is to analyze and compile biodiversity data for each operational area, thereby establishing baseline data for biodiversity and developing environmental management plans aimed at restoring, enhancing, and preserving biodiversity, as well as maintaining environmental quality. The survey includes various species such as birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects, fish, plants, and crustaceans. Survey areas were selected based on risk assessments and community feedback, covering the Khanom Natural Gas Separation Plant and operational sites of PTT Oil and Retail Business (OR), including Phuket Airport Fuel Station, Songkhla Petroleum Depot, Nakhon Sawan Petroleum Depot, Saraburi Oil Depot, and Phitsanulok Oil Depot. The project is conducted in collaboration with expert consultants, such as the Bird Conservation Society of Thailand (BCST), universities, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).  

During the survey around the Khanom Natural Gas Separation Plant, PTT discovered a rare and endemic plant species called Microchirita involucrata (Craib) Yin Z.Wang var.gigantiflora C.Puglisi, which is found only in the Khanom District of Nakhon Si Thammarat. Additionally, a new species of moth, Gatesclarkeana thailandica, was identified at the Saraburi Oil Depot, which is unique to Thailand. 

Moreover, PTT, in collaboration with the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, and the National Science Museum (NSM), has conducted a comprehensive biodiversity survey along the natural gas pipeline route in Kanchanaburi Province, specifically along the RC4000 pipeline from KP0 to KP177.8, within a 500-meter radius. The area surveyed has undergone rehabilitation based on environmental impact mitigation measures. The primary goal of this survey is to assess and monitor biodiversity and ensure continuous tracking of the ecosystem’s health. The survey identified a total of 54 plant families, 140 genera, and 188 species, with Fabaceae being the most prevalent plant family. In terms of 10 mammals, 25 families, 43 genera, and 53 species were recorded, with bats being the most commonly found. Notably, two species—Serow and Barking Deer—are listed as protected wildlife. Additionally, 39 species of protected wildlife were observed. For amphibians, 15 species across 11 genera and 6 families were identified, with Bufonidae (toad family) being the most common. The reptile survey recorded 22 species from 16 genera and 8 families, with Scincidae (skinks) being the most frequently encountered family. Insect diversity was abundant, with over 350 species from 292 genera and 80 families, with butterflies being the most numerous. Aquatic insects included at least 46 species from 43 genera and 27 families, with beetles being the most dominant group. Soil-dwelling insects were also diverse, with 137 species from 99 genera and 11 families. In the freshwater fish category, 11 families, 36 genera, and 43 species were recorded, with Cyprinidae (carps) being the most common family. Upon completion of the survey, PTT compiled and created a comprehensive species database, which was then shared with local community leaders, officials from Thong Pha Phum National Park, and other relevant agencies. This collaborative effort aims to minimize impacts, enhance biodiversity restoration, and promote environmental awareness. The data will also serve as a tool for fostering community engagement in the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. Additionally, it will contribute to the sustainable management of the area in partnership with local communities moving forward. 

Application of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) Framework

PTT has integrated the guidelines from the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) into its risk and opportunity analysis related to nature, using the LEAP Approach (Locate, Evaluate, Assess, Prepare). Through this approach, PTT identified that the Khanom Natural Gas Separation Plant is situated in an area with significant biodiversity risks, particularly in relation to the impact on coastal ecosystems and wetlands. The implementation of the LEAP Approach has enabled PTT to:  

• Locate: Identify and map areas with high natural risks, including their boundaries.  
• Evaluate: Assess the dependence of gas separation plants on natural resources and evaluate their potential impact on local ecosystems.  
• Assess: Analyze risk levels associated with factors like habitat loss for wildlife and impacts on water quality.  
• Prepare: Develop strategies to manage these risks, including enhancing environmental impact mitigation measures and creating effective ecosystem restoration plans.   

By adopting the TNFD framework, PTT has gained valuable insights that support more informed decision-making for sustainable operations, reduce natural risks, and strengthen its environmental management practices for greater effectiveness. 

Management of Oil Spill Impacts 

In the event of an oil spill, PTT and the PTT Group implement a comprehensive management approach in collaboration with government agencies. This approach involves impact mitigation, continuous monitoring, and the assessment of potential effects on local communities and the environment. Additionally, short-term and long-term restoration plans are developed in partnership with relevant stakeholders. 

Following the natural gas and oil spill incident at the Montara field, PTTEP has actively collaborated in developing strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts. The Company has also supported scientific research to monitor the long-term effects on the environment. This research is conducted by independent organizations under the supervision of the Australian government. In 2022, PTTEP implemented comprehensive impact mitigation measures and established a recovery plan to support those affected by the oil spill. 

Developing a Policy Network and Promoting Biodiversity Knowledge 

PTT collaborates with the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) to design and implement sustainable conservation strategies aimed at protecting biodiversity. These efforts are accompanied by public awareness campaigns to educate a wide range of stakeholders—such as local communities, government agencies, academic institutions, and private sector entities—on the critical importance of biodiversity. By 2024, three PTT learning centers—the Urban Forest Learning Center, Wang Chan Forest Learning Center, and the Sirinart Rajini Ecosystem Learning Center —were selected as potential Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs). These centers were identified for their capacity to contribute to biodiversity conservation efforts outside designated protected areas, as evaluated by ONEP.  

In addition, PTT collaborates with various organizations, including the Department of Forestry, the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Kasetsart University, Prince of Songkla University, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, the National Science Museum (NSM), the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), the Bird Conservation Society of Thailand, Siamensis, Save Wildlife Thailand, and local communities. Together, they have conducted biodiversity surveys to document and monitor the flora and fauna surrounding PTT operations. These surveys are conducted seasonally, with a focus on the ecosystem services provided by the Sirinart Rajini Ecosystem Learning Center located in the FPT 29 and FPT 29/3 restoration areas, situated within the Klong Kao-Klong Koi National Forest in Prajuab Khiri Khan Province. This region, once an abandoned shrimp farm, has been reforested since 1997, transforming it into a thriving, fully restored mangrove forest.

Collaboration with Biodiversity Networks^{SDGs 12.2, 14.2, 15.2, 15.5} 

The information presented on this page has been independently verified by an external organization.